La tercera fase de la Iniciativa Académica en Pro de las MIPYMES en México se realiza desde una perspectiva de género buscando que la mujer tenga un rol más preponderante en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del estado.
De acuerdo con cifras de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) de México solo el 11 por ciento de las mujeres toma decisiones y una de cada tres compañías es dirigida por una mujer.
Por otro lado, solo el 2.5 por ciento es empleadora, mientras que en el caso de los hombres, es el 6.1 por ciento, notándose una disparidad en el rubro del emprendimiento relacionado con el sector femenino.
Ante este escenario, la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) trabaja desde hace tres años en el estudio Iniciativa Académica en Pro de las MIPYMES en México, proyecto de investigación en conjunto entre las facultades de Contaduría Pública y Administración y Economía.
En una primera fase realizada en 2020, el año más crítico para el sector económico debido a la pandemia por coronavirus, se encuestó a 250 Pymes de Nuevo León y en un segundo periodo a más de 800 compañías de cinco estados de México.
“Desde el comienzo del estudio hasta hoy en día, el objetivo ha sido analizar el impacto económico y financiero de las Pymes, pero con el tiempo nos dimos cuenta de que es muy baja la participación de la mujer en el sector empresarial y esto fue lo que nos motivó a seguir una tercera fase, pero ahora dándole una perspectiva de género”, expresó la Directora de la Facultad de Economía de la UANL, Joana Cecilia Chapa Cantú.
Los porcentajes manejados al inicio de este texto corresponden a información obtenida por la Máxima Casa de Estudios como resultado de la investigación Iniciativa Académica en Pro de las MIPYMES en México y a datos recabados en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE).
Otras cifras relevantes en este tema es que la mujer tiene un grado de vulnerabilidad muy alto, ya que el 54.8 por ciento económicamente activa pertenece a la informalidad, mientras que solo 13 de cada 100 Pymes cuenta con un crédito o financiamiento.
“La mujer es empresaria, pero está en el rubro informal y es para sobrevivir. Todas estas estadísticas definitivamente nos señalan que se requiere estudiar a fondo para apoyar el emprendimiento femenino, porque en estos tiempos el no tener financiamiento es no crecer, y a su vez no se pueden amortiguar económicamente situaciones como las de la pandemia”, argumentó Chapa Cantú.
Ofrecen capacitación a emprendedoras
Ante el panorama desfavorable que vive la mujer cuando decide insertarse en el mercado empresarial, la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León las apoyará ofreciendo capacitación a través de las facultades de Contaduría Pública y Administración y Economía.
“Buscamos ofrecer capacitación continua con talleres y seminarios, porque consideramos que es un proceso donde se impacta en las habilidades y conocimientos de las mujeres. Por ejemplo, el brindarles una capacitación sobre financiamiento, para que conozcan cuánto les van a cobrar de intereses”, expresó la doctora Martha del Pilar Rodríguez García, investigadora de la FACPYA.
Para la investigadora Joana Cecilia Chapa Cantú, el estudio Iniciativa Académica en Pro de las MIPYMES en México sería relevante debido a que se obtendrían cifras aún más importantes que dimensionaran qué tanto participa la mujer en el sector empresarial de ciertos estados del país.
“Una política que va de la mano, pero desde el punto de vista cultural y humano, es el hecho de combatir los roles de género, en donde tenemos que mandar el mensaje de por qué una mujer no puede ser una empresaria y una tomadora de decisiones, que sean y se vean como líderes”, enfatizó la también profesora de la Facultad de Economía de la UANL.
Si eres una mujer emprendedora y te interesa recibir asesoría o capacitación, puedes informarte en los siguientes correos electrónicos martha.
Estudio Pro de las MIPYMES en México
· Proyecto conjunto entre la Facultad de Contaduría Pública y Administración y la Facultad de Economía.
· Más de 800 Pymes de México encuestadas.
· Estados participantes: Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Baja California, Michoacán y Quintana Roo. Para la tercera fase se sumarán Sonora, Colima y Puebla.
· Universidades participantes en la investigación: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas y Universidad Autónoma de Quintana Roo.
· 1 de cada 3 Pymes son dirigidas por mujeres.
· 11% de las mujeres son tomadoras de decisiones en las Pymes.
· 8% de las Pymes tiene equidad en su capital humano, es decir, 50% de mujeres en la empresa.
· 54.8% de las mujeres económicamente activas son informales.
· 2.5% de las mujeres son empleadoras contra el 6.1% de los hombres.
· 13 de cada 100 empresas encabezadas por mujeres obtuvieron un crédito o financiamiento.
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